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Deuteronomy Chapter 3

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asv (asv) - eBible.org engASV USFM

1 Then Sihon came out against us, he and all his people, unto battle at Jahaz.
2 And Jehovah our God delivered him up before us; and we smote him, and his sons, and all his people.
3 And we took all his cities at that time, and utterly destroyed every inhabited city, with the women and the little ones; we left none remaining:
4 only the cattle we took for a prey unto ourselves, with the spoil of the cities which we had taken.
5 From Aroer, which is on the edge of the valley of the Arnon, and
6 from the city that is in the valley, even unto Gilead, there was not a city too high for us; Jehovah our God delivered up all before us:
7 only to the land of the children of Ammon thou camest not near; all the side of the river Jabbok, and the cities of the hill-country, and wheresoever Jehovah our God forbade us.
8 Then we turned, and went up the way to Bashan: and Og the king of Bashan came out against us, he and all his people, unto battle at Edrei.
9 And Jehovah said unto me, Fear him not; for I have delivered him, and all his people, and his land, into thy hand; and thou shalt do unto him as thou didst unto Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt at Heshbon.
10 So Jehovah our God delivered into our hand Og also, the king of Bashan, and all his people: and we smote him until none was left to him remaining.
11 And we took all his cities at that time; there was not a city which we took not from them; threescore cities, all the region of Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan.
12 All these were cities fortified with high walls, gates, and bars; besides the unwalled towns a great many.
13 And we utterly destroyed them, as we did unto Sihon king of Heshbon, utterly destroying every inhabited city, with the women and the little ones.
14 But all the cattle, and the spoil of the cities, we took for a prey unto ourselves.
15 And we took the land at that time out of the hand of the two kings of the Amorites that were beyond the Jordan, from the valley of the Arnon unto mount Hermon
16 (which Hermon the Sidonians call Sirion, and the Amorites call it Senir);
17 all the cities of the plain, and all Gilead, and all Bashan, unto Salecah and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan.
18 (For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of the Rephaim; behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbah of the children of Ammon? nine cubits was the length thereof, and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man.)
19 And this land we took in possession at that time: from Aroer, which is by the valley of the Arnon, and half the hill-country of Gilead, and the cities thereof, gave I unto the Reubenites and to the Gadites:
20 and the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, the kingdom of Og, gave I unto the half-tribe of Manasseh; all the region of Argob, even all Bashan. (The same is called the land of Rephaim.
21 Jair the son of Manasseh took all the region of Argob, unto the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and called them, even Bashan, after his own name, Havvoth-jair, unto this day.)
22 And I gave Gilead unto Machir.
23 And unto the Reubenites and unto the Gadites I gave from Gilead even unto the valley of the Arnon, the middle of the valley, and the border
24 thereof, even unto the river Jabbok, which is the border of the children of Ammon;
25 the Arabah also, and the Jordan and the border
26 thereof, from Chinnereth even unto the sea of the Arabah, the Salt Sea, under the slopes of Pisgah eastward.
27 And I commanded you at that time, saying, Jehovah your God hath given you this land to possess it: ye shall pass over armed before your brethren the children of Israel, all the men of valor.
28 But your wives, and your little ones, and your cattle (I know that ye have much cattle), shall abide in your cities which I have given you,
29 until Jehovah give rest unto your brethren, as unto you, and they also possess the land which Jehovah your God giveth them beyond the Jordan: then shall ye return every man unto his possession, which I have given you.

darby (darby) - eBible.org Darby 1890 plaintext

1 And we turned, and went up the way to Bashan; and Og the king of Bashan came out against us, he and all his people, for battle at Edrei.
2 And Jehovah said to me, Fear him not; for into thy hand have I given him, and all his people, and his land; and thou shalt do unto him as thou didst unto Sihon the king of the Amorites, who dwelt at Heshbon.
3 And Jehovah ourGod gave into our hand Og the king of Bashan also, and all his people; and we smote him until none was left to him remaining.
4 And we took all his cities at that time: there was not a town which we took not from them, sixty cities, the whole region of Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan.
5 All these cities were fortified with high walls, gates, and bars; besides unwalled towns very many.
6 And we utterly destroyed them, as we had done to Sihon the king of Heshbon, utterly destroying every city, men, women and little ones.
7 But all the cattle and the spoil of the cities we took as booty for ourselves.
8 And we took at that time the land out of the hand of the two kings of the Amorites, that were on this side the Jordan, from the river Arnon to mount Hermon
9 (the Sidonians call Hermon Sirion, and the Amorites call it Senir):
10 all the cities of the plateau, and all Gilead, and all Bashan, as far as Salchah and Edrei, the cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan.
11 For only Og the king of Bashan remained of the residue of giants: behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbah of the children of Ammon? its length was nine cubits, and its breadth four cubits, after the cubit of a man.
12 And this land we took in possession at that time. From Aroer, which is by the river Arnon, and the half of mount Gilead, and its cities, I gave to the Reubenites and to the Gadites;
13 and the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, the kingdom of Og, I gave to half the tribe of Manasseh. (The whole region of Argob, even all Bashan, is called a land of giants.
14 Jair the son of Manasseh took the whole region of Argob as far as the border of the Geshurites and Maachathites, and called Bashan after his own name, Havoth-Jair, to this day.)
15 And I gave Gilead to Machir.
16 And to the Reubenites and to the Gadites I gave from Gilead even to the river Arnon, the middle of the ravine and its border, as far as the river Jabbok, the border of the children of Ammon;
17 the plain also, and the Jordan, and [its] border from Chinnereth as far as the sea of the plain, the salt sea, under the slopes of Pisgah eastward.
18 And I commanded you at that time, saying, Jehovah yourGod hath given you this land to take possession of it: ye shall pass over armed before your brethren the children of Israel, all [who are] combatants.
19 Only your wives, and your little ones, and your cattle, — I know that ye have much cattle, — shall abide in your cities which I have given you,
20 until Jehovah give rest to your brethren, as well as to you, and they also take possession of the land that Jehovah yourGod giveth them beyond the Jordan; then shall ye return, each man to his possession, which I have given you.
21 And I commanded Joshua at that time, saying, Thine eyes have seen all that Jehovah yourGod hath done to these two kings: so will Jehovah do to all the kingdoms to which thou shalt go.
22 Ye shall not fear them; for Jehovah yourGod, he will fight for you.
23 And I besought Jehovah at that time, saying,
24 Lord Jehovah, thou hast begun to shew thy servant thy greatness, and thy powerful hand; for whatGod is in the heavens or in the earth that can do like to thy works, and like to thy might?
25 Let me go over, I pray thee, and see the good land that is beyond the Jordan, that goodly mountain, and Lebanon.
26 But Jehovah was wroth with me on your account, and did not hear me; and Jehovah said to me, Let it suffice thee; speak no more unto me of this matter!
27 Go up to the top of Pisgah, and lift up thine eyes westward, and northward, and southward, and eastward, and behold it with thine eyes; for thou shalt not go over this Jordan.
28 But charge Joshua, and encourage him and strengthen him; for he shall go over before this people, and he shall put them in possession of the land which thou shalt see.
29 And we abode in the valley opposite to Beth-Peor.

lxxbrent (lxxbrent) - Septuagint (Brenton 1851) eBible USFM

1 And we turned and went by the way leading to Basan; and Og the king of Basan came out to meet us, he and all his people, to battle at Edraim.
2 And the Lord said to me, Fear him not, for I have delivered him, and all his people, and all his land, into thy hands; and thou shalt do to him as thou didst to Seon king of the Amorites who dwelt in Esebon.
3 And the Lord our God delivered him into our hands, even Og the king of Basan, and all his people; and we smote him until we left none of his seed.
4 And we mastered all his cities at that time; there was not a city which we took not from them; sixty cities, all the country round about Argob, belonging to king Og in Basan:
5 all strong cities, lofty walls, gates and bars; besides the very many cities of the Pherezites.
6 We utterly destroyed [them] as we dealt with Seon the king of Esebon, so we utterly destroyed every city in order, and the women and the children,
7 and all the cattle; and we took for a prey to ourselves the spoil of the cities.
8 And we took at that time the land out of the hands of the two kings of the Amorites, who were beyond Jordan, [extending] from the brook of Arnon even unto Aermon.
9 The Phœnicians call Aermon Sanior, but the Amorite has called it Sanir.
10 All the cities of Misor, and all Galaad, and all Basan as far as Elcha and Edraim, cities of the kingdom of Og in Basan.
11 For only Og the king of Basan was left of the Raphain: behold, his bed [was] a bed of iron; behold, [it is] in the chief city of the children of Ammon; the length of it [is] nine cubits, and the breadth of it four cubits, according to the cubit of a man.
12 And we inherited that land at that time from Aroer, which is by the border of the torrent Arnon, and half the mount of Galaad; and I gave his cities to Ruben and to Gad.
13 And the rest of Galaad, and all Basan the kingdom of Og I gave to the half-tribe of Manasse, and all the country round about Argob, all that Basan; it shall be accounted the land of Raphain.
14 And Jair the son of Manasse took all the country round about Argob as far as the borders of Gargasi and Machathi: he called them by his name Basan Thavoth Jair until this day.
15 And to Machir I gave Galaad.
16 And to Ruben and to Gad I gave [the land] under Galaad as far as the brook of Arnon, the border between the brook and as far as Jaboc; the brook [is] the border to the children of Amman.
17 And Araba and Jordan [are] the boundary of Machanareth, even to the sea of Araba, the salt sea under Asedoth Phasga eastward.
18 And I charged you at that time, saying, The Lord your God has given you this land by lot; arm yourselves, every one [that is] powerful, and go before your brethren the children of Israel.
19 Only your wives and your children and your cattle (I know that ye have much cattle), let them dwell in your cities which I have given you;
20 until the Lord your God give your brethren rest, as also he has given to you, and they also shall inherit the land, which the Lord our God gives them on the other side of Jordan; then ye shall return, each one to his inheritance which I have given you.
21 And I commanded Joshua at that time, saying, Your eyes have seen all things, which the Lord our God did to these two kings: so shall the Lord our God do to all the kingdoms against which thou crossest over thither.
22 Ye shall not be afraid of them, because the Lord our God himself shall fight for you.
23 And I besought the Lord at that time, saying,
24 Lord God, thou hast begun to shew to thy servant thy strength, and thy power, and thy mighty hand, and thy high arm: for what God is there in heaven or on the earth, who will do as thou hast done, and according to thy might?
25 I will therefore go over and see this good land that is beyond Jordan, this good mountain and Antilibanus.
26 And the Lord because of you did not regard me, and hearkened not to me; and the Lord said to me, Let it suffice thee, speak not of this matter to me any more.
27 Go up to the top of the quarried rock, and look with thine eyes westward, and northward, and southward, and eastward, and behold [it] with thine eyes, for thou shalt not go over this Jordan.
28 And charge Joshua, and strengthen him, and encourage him; for he shall go before the face of this people, and he shall give them the inheritance of all the land which thou hast seen.
29 And we abode in the valley near the house of Phogor.

vul1914 (vul1914) - Vulgate 1914 UTF-8 (sacredbible.org)

1 Itaque conversi ascendimus per iter Basan: egressusque est Og rex Basan in occursum nobis cum populo suo ad bellandum in Edrai.
2 Dixitque Dominus ad me: Ne timeas eum: quia in manu tua traditus est cum omni populo ac terra sua: faciesque ei sicut fecisti Sehon regi Amorrhæorum, qui habitavit in Hesebon.
3 Tradidit ergo Dominus Deus noster in manibus nostris etiam Og regem Basan, et universum populum eius: percussimusque eos usque ad internecionem,
4 vastantes cunctas civitates illius uno tempore. non fuit oppidum, quod nos effugeret: sexaginta urbes, omnem regionem Argob regni Og in Basan.
5 Cunctæ urbes erant munitæ muris altissimis, portisque et vectibus, absque oppidis innumeris, quæ non habebant muros.
6 Et delevimus eos, sicut feceramus Sehon regi Hesebon, disperdentes omnem civitatem, virosque ac mulieres et parvulos:
7 iumenta autem et spolia urbium diripuimus.
8 Tulimusque illo in tempore terram de manu duorum regum Amorrhæorum, qui erant trans Iordanem: a torrente Arnon usque ad montem Hernon,
9 quem Sidonii Sarion vocant, et Amorrhæi Sanir:
10 omnes civitates, quæ sitæ sunt in planitie, et universam Terram Galaad et Basan usque ad Selcha, et Edrai civitates regni Og in Basan.
11 Solus quippe Og rex Basan restiterat de stirpe gigantum. Monstratur lectus eius ferreus, qui est in Rabbath filiorum Ammon, novem cubitos habens longitudinis, et quattuor latitudinis ad mensuram cubiti virilis manus.
12 Terramque possedimus tempore illo ab Aroer, quæ est super ripam torrentis Arnon, usque ad mediam partem montis Galaad: et civitates illius dedi Ruben et Gad.
13 Reliquam autem partem Galaad, et omnem Basan regni Og, tradidi mediæ tribui Manasse, omnem regionem Argob: cunctaque Basan vocatur Terra gigantum.
14 Iair filius Manasse possedit omnem regionem Argob usque ad terminos Gessuri, et Machati. Vocavitque ex nomine suo Basan, Havoth Iair, id est, Villas Iair, usque in præsentem diem.
15 Machir quoque dedi Galaad.
16 Et tribubus Ruben et Gad dedi de Terra Galaad usque ad Torrentem Arnon medium torrentis, et confinium usque ad torrentem Ieboc, qui est terminus filiorum Ammon:
17 et planitiem solitudinis, atque Iordanem, et terminos Cenereth usque ad mare deserti, quod est salsissimum, ad radices montis Phasga contra orientem.
18 Præcepique vobis in tempore illo, dicens: Dominus Deus vester dat vobis terram hanc in hereditatem: expediti præcedite fratres vestros filios Israel omnes viri robusti:
19 absque uxoribus, et parvulis atque iumentis. Novi enim quod plura habeatis pecora, et in urbibus remanere debebunt, quas tradidi vobis,
20 donec requiem tribuat Dominus fratribus vestris, sicut vobis tribuit: et possideant ipsi etiam Terram, quam daturus est eis trans Iordanem: tunc revertetur unusquisque in possessionem suam, quam dedi vobis.
21 Iosue quoque in tempore illo præcepi, dicens: Oculi tui viderunt quæ fecit Dominus Deus vester duobus his regibus: sic faciet omnibus regnis, ad quæ transiturus es.
22 Ne timeas eos: Dominus enim Deus vester pugnabit pro vobis.
23 Precatusque sum Dominum in tempore illo, dicens:
24 Domine Deus tu cœpisti ostendere servo tuo magnitudinem tuam, manumque fortissimam. neque enim est alius Deus vel in cælo, vel in terra, qui possit facere opera tua, et comparari fortitudini tuæ.
25 Transibo igitur, et videbo Terram hanc optimam trans Iordanem, et montem istum egregium, et Libanum.
26 Iratusque est Dominus mihi propter vos, nec exaudivit me, sed dixit mihi: Sufficit tibi: nequaquam ultra loquaris de hac re ad me.
27 Ascende cacumen Phasgæ, et oculos tuos circumfer ad occidentem, et ad aquilonem, austrumque et orientem, et aspice. nec enim transibis Iordanem istum.
28 Præcipe Iosue, et corrobora eum atque conforta: quia ipse præcedet populum istum, et dividet eis Terram, quam visurus es.
29 Mansimusque in valle contra fanum Phogor.

web (web) - WorldEnglish.Bible — CC0 modern update of ASV

1 Then we turned, and went up the way to Bashan. Og the king of Bashan came out against us, he and all his people, to battle at Edrei.
2 The LORD said to me, “Don’t fear him; for I have delivered him, with all his people and his land, into your hand. You shall do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived at Heshbon.”
3 So the LORD our God also delivered into our hand Og, the king of Bashan, and all his people. We struck him until no one was left to him remaining.
4 We took all his cities at that time. There was not a city which we didn’t take from them: sixty cities, all the region of Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan.
5 All these were cities fortified with high walls, gates, and bars, in addition to a great many villages without walls.
6 We utterly destroyed them, as we did to Sihon king of Heshbon, utterly destroying every inhabited city, with the women and the little ones.
7 But all the livestock, and the plunder of the cities, we took for plunder for ourselves.
8 We took the land at that time out of the hand of the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, from the valley of the Arnon to Mount Hermon.
9 (The Sidonians call Hermon Sirion, and the Amorites call it Senir.)
10 We took all the cities of the plain, and all Gilead, and all Bashan, to Salecah and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan.
11 (For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of the Rephaim. Behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron. Isn’t it in Rabbah of the children of Ammon? Nine cubits was its length, and four cubits its width, after the cubit of a man.)
12 This land we took in possession at that time: from Aroer, which is by the valley of the Arnon, and half the hill country of Gilead with its cities, I gave to the Reubenites and to the Gadites;
13 and the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, the kingdom of Og, I gave to the half-tribe of Manasseh—all the region of Argob, even all Bashan. (The same is called the land of Rephaim.
14 Jair the son of Manasseh took all the region of Argob, to the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and called them, even Bashan, after his own name, Havvoth Jair, to this day.)
15 I gave Gilead to Machir.
16 To the Reubenites and to the Gadites I gave from Gilead even to the valley of the Arnon, the middle of the valley, and its border, even to the river Jabbok, which is the border of the children of Ammon;
17 the Arabah also, and the Jordan and its border, from Chinnereth even to the sea of the Arabah, the Salt Sea, under the slopes of Pisgah eastward.
18 I commanded you at that time, saying, “The LORD your God has given you this land to possess it. All of you men of valor shall pass over armed before your brothers, the children of Israel.
19 But your wives, and your little ones, and your livestock, (I know that you have much livestock), shall live in your cities which I have given you,
20 until the LORD gives rest to your brothers, as to you, and they also possess the land which the LORD your God gives them beyond the Jordan. Then you shall each return to his own possession, which I have given you.”
21 I commanded Joshua at that time, saying, “Your eyes have seen all that the LORD your God has done to these two kings. So shall the LORD do to all the kingdoms where you go over.
22 You shall not fear them; for the LORD your God himself fights for you.”
23 I begged GOD at that time, saying,
24 “Lord GOD, you have begun to show your servant your greatness, and your strong hand. For what god is there in heaven or in earth that can do works like yours, and mighty acts like yours?
25 Please let me go over and see the good land that is beyond the Jordan, that fine mountain, and Lebanon.”
26 But the LORD was angry with me because of you, and didn’t listen to me. The LORD said to me, “That is enough! Speak no more to me of this matter.
27 Go up to the top of Pisgah, and lift up your eyes westward, and northward, and southward, and eastward, and see with your eyes; for you shall not go over this Jordan.
28 But commission Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him; for he shall go over before this people, and he shall cause them to inherit the land which you shall see.”
29 So we stayed in the valley near Beth Peor.

ylt (ylt) - Bible.com YLT98 plain UTF-8

1 `And we turn, and go up the way to Bashan, and Og king of Bashan cometh out to meet us, he and all his people, to battle, <FI>to<Fi> Edrei.
2 `And Jehovah saith unto me, Fear him not, for into thy hand I have given him, and all his people, and his land, and thou hast done to him as thou hast done to Sihon king of the Amorite who is dwelling in Heshbon.
3 `And Jehovah our God giveth into our hands also Og king of Bashan, and all his people, and we smite him till there hath not been left to him a remnant;
4 and we capture all his cities at that time, there hath not been a city which we have not taken from them, sixty cities, all the region of Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan.
5 All these <FI>are<Fi> cities fenced with high walls, two-leaved doors and bar, apart from cities of villages very many;
6 and we devote them, as we have done to Sihon king of Heshbon, devoting every city, men, the women, and the infants;
7 and all the cattle, and the spoil of the cities, we have spoiled for ourselves.
8 `And we take, at that time, the land out of the hand of the two kings of the Amorite, which is beyond the Jordan, from the brook Arnon unto mount Hermon;
9 (Sidonians call Hermon, Sirion; and the Amorites call it Senir,)
10 all the cities of the plain, and all Gilead, and all Bashan, unto Salchah and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan,
11 for only Og king of Bashan had been left of the remnant of the Rephaim; lo, his bedstead <FI>is<Fi> a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the sons of Ammon? nine cubits its length, and four cubits its breadth, by the cubit of a man.
12 `And this land we have possessed, at that time; from Aroer, which <FI>is<Fi> by the brook Arnon, and the half of mount Gilead, and its cities, I have given to the Reubenite, and to the Gadite;
13 and the rest of Gilead and all Bashan, the kingdom of Og, I have given to the half tribe of Manasseh; all the region of Argob, to all that Bashan, called the land of Rephaim.
14 `Jair son of Manasseh hath taken all the region of Argob, unto the border of Geshuri, and Maachathi, and calleth them by his own name, Bashan-Havoth-Jair, unto this day.
15 And to Machir I have given Gilead.
16 `And to the Reubenite and to the Gadite I have given from Gilead even unto the brook Arnon, the middle of the valley and the border, even unto Jabbok the brook, the border of the sons of Ammon,
17 and the plain, and the Jordan, and the border, from Chinnereth even unto the sea of the plain, the salt sea, under the springs of Pisgah, at the <FI>sun<Fi> -rising.
18 `And I command you, at that time, saying, Jehovah your God hath given to you this land to possess it; armed ye pass over before your brethren the sons of Israel, all the sons of might.
19 Only, your wives, and your infants, and your cattle--I have known that ye have much cattle--do dwell in your cities which I have given to you,
20 till that Jehovah give rest to your brethren like yourselves, and they also have possessed the land which Jehovah your God is giving to them beyond the Jordan, then ye have turned back each to his possession, which I have given to you.
21 `And Jehoshua I have commanded at that time, saying, Thine eyes are seeing all that which Jehovah your God hath done to these two kings--so doth Jehovah to all the kingdoms whither thou are passing over;
22 fear them not, for Jehovah your God, He is fighting for you.
23 `And I entreat for grace unto Jehovah, at that time, saying,
24 Lord Jehovah, Thou--Thou hast begun to shew Thy servant Thy greatness, and Thy strong hand; for who <FI>is<Fi> a God in the heavens or in earth who doth according to Thy works, and according to Thy might?
25 Let me pass over, I pray Thee, and see the good land which <FI>is<Fi> beyond the Jordan, this good hill-country, and Lebanon.
26 `And Jehovah sheweth himself wroth with me, for your sake, and hath not hearkened unto me, and Jehovah saith unto me, Enough for thee; add not to speak unto Me any more about this thing:
27 go up <FI>to<Fi> the top of Pisgah, and lift up thine eyes westward, and northward, and southward, and eastward, and see with thine eyes--for thou dost not pass over this Jordan;
28 and charge Jehoshua, and strengthen him, and harden him, for he doth pass over before this people, and he doth cause them to inherit the land which thou seest.
29 `And we dwell in a valley over-against Beth-Peor.

Explanations by Age Level

Explain Like I'm 5

A long, long time ago, there was nothing at all - no earth, no sky, no animals, no people. It was all dark and empty. But God was there! God is so powerful that He can make anything just by speaking. So God said "Let there be light!" and BOOM! There was light everywhere! God saw that the light was beautiful and good. He called the light "day" and the darkness "night." This was the very first day when God started making our wonderful world!

Explain Like I'm 10

Before anything existed - no planets, stars, or life - God decided to create the universe. The earth started out as a dark, empty place covered with water. But God's Spirit was there, ready to bring order and beauty to everything. When God spoke and said "Let there be light," light immediately appeared because God's words have incredible power. God looked at the light and was pleased with what He had made. He organized time by separating light (day) from darkness (night), creating the first 24-hour period. This shows us that God is organized and purposeful in everything He does.

Explain Like I'm 15

Genesis 1:1-5 establishes fundamental theological truths about God and creation. The Hebrew word "bara" (created) indicates creation from nothing (ex nihilo), demonstrating God's absolute sovereignty and power. The phrase "without form and void" (tohu wa-bohu) describes a state of chaos that God transforms into order. The Spirit of God "hovering" or "brooding" over the waters suggests active, caring involvement in creation. The creation of light before the sun (created on day 4) indicates that God Himself is the ultimate source of light and energy. The establishment of day and night creates the framework of time, showing that God operates within orderly patterns while transcending them. This passage refutes both atheistic materialism and pantheism, establishing that God is both transcendent (separate from creation) and immanent (actively involved in it).