Luke Chapter 14
Other Translations
asv (asv) - eBible.org engASV USFM
1
him.
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And turning to the disciples, he said privately, Blessed
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are the eyes which see the things that ye see:
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for I say unto you, that many prophets and kings desired to see the things which ye see, and saw them not; and to hear the things which ye hear, and heard them not.
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And behold, a certain lawyer stood up and made trial of him, saying, Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?
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And he said unto him, What is written in the law? how readest thou?
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And he answering said, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength, and with all thy mind; and thy neighbor as thyself.
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And he said unto him, Thou hast answered right: this do, and thou shalt live.
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But he, desiring to justify himself, said unto Jesus, And who is my neighbor?
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Jesus made answer and said, A certain man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho; and he fell among robbers, who both stripped him and beat him, and departed, leaving him half dead.
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And by chance a certain priest was going down that way: and when he saw him, he passed by on the other side.
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And in like manner a Levite also, when he came to the place, and saw him, passed by on the other side.
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But a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed, came where he was: and when he saw him, he was moved with compassion,
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and came to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring on
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them oil and wine; and he set him on his own beast, and brought him to an inn, and took care of him.
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And on the morrow he took out two shillings, and gave them to the host, and said, Take care of him; and whatsoever thou spendest more, I, when I come back again, will repay thee.
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Which of these three, thinkest thou, proved neighbor unto him that fell among the robbers?
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And he said, He that showed mercy on him. And Jesus said unto him, Go, and do thou likewise.
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Now as they went on their way, he entered into a certain village: and a certain woman named Martha received him into her house.
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And she had a sister called Mary, who also sat at the Lord’s feet, and heard his word.
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But Martha was cumbered about much serving; and she came up to him, and said, Lord, dost thou not care that my sister did leave me to serve alone? bid her therefore that she help me.
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But the Lord answered and said unto her, Martha, Martha, thou art anxious and troubled about many things:
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but one thing is needful: for Mary hath chosen the good part, which shall not be taken away from her.
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And it came to pass, as he was praying in a certain place, that when he ceased, one of his disciples said unto him, Lord, teach us to pray, even as John also taught his disciples.
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And he said unto them, When ye pray, say, Father, Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come.
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Give us day by day our daily bread.
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And forgive us our sins; for we ourselves also forgive every one that is indebted to us. And bring us not into temptation.
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And he said unto them, Which of you shall have a friend, and shall go unto him at midnight, and say to him, Friend, lend me three loaves;
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for a friend of mine is come to me from a journey, and I have nothing to set before him;
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and he from within shall answer and say, Trouble me not: the door is now shut, and my children are with me in bed; I cannot rise and give thee?
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I say unto you, Though he will not rise and give him because he is his friend, yet because of his importunity he will arise and give him as many as he needeth.
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And I say unto you, Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you.
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For every one that asketh receiveth; and he that seeketh findeth; and to him that knocketh it shall be opened.
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And of which of you that is a father shall his son ask a loaf, and he give him a stone? or a fish, and he for a fish give him a serpent?
35
Or
darby (darby) - eBible.org Darby 1890 plaintext
1
And it came to pass, as he went into the house of one of the rulers, [who was] of the Pharisees, to eat bread on [the] sabbath, that they were watching him.
2
And behold, there was a certain dropsical [man] before him.
3
And Jesus answering spoke unto the doctors of the law and Pharisees, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath?
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But they were silent. And taking him he healed him and let him go.
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And answering he said to them, Of which of you shall an ass or ox fall into a well, that he does not straightway pull him up on the sabbath day?
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And they were not able to answer him to these things.
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And he spoke a parable to those that were invited, remarking how they chose out the first places, saying to them,
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When thou art invited by any one to a wedding, do not lay thyself down in the first place at table, lest perhaps a more honourable than thou be invited by him,
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and he who invited thee and him come and say to thee, Give place to this [man], and then thou begin with shame to take the last place.
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But when thou hast been invited, go and put thyself down in the last place, that when he who has invited thee comes, he may say to thee, Friend, go up higher: then shalt thou have honour before all that are lying at table with thee;
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for every one that exalts himself shall be abased, and he that abases himself shall be exalted.
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And he said also to him that had invited him, When thou makest a dinner or a supper, call not thy friends, nor thy brethren, nor thy kinsfolk, nor rich neighbours, lest it may be they also should invite thee in return, and a recompense be made thee.
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But when thou makest a feast, call poor, crippled, lame, blind:
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and thou shalt be blessed; for they have not [the means] to recompense thee; for it shall be recompensed thee in the resurrection of the just.
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And one of those that were lying at table with [them], hearing these things, said to him, Blessed [is] he who shall eat bread in the kingdom ofGod.
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And he said to him, A certain man made a great supper and invited many.
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And he sent his bondman at the hour of supper to say to those who were invited, Come, for already all things are ready.
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And all began, without exception, to excuse themselves. The first said to him, I have bought land, and I must go out and see it; I pray thee hold me for excused.
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And another said, I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove them; I pray thee hold me for excused.
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And another said, I have married a wife, and on this account I cannot come.
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And the bondman came up and brought back word of these things to his lord. Then the master of the house, in anger, said to his bondman, Go out quickly into the streets and lanes of the city, and bring here the poor and crippled and lame and blind.
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And the bondman said, Sir, it is done as thou hast commanded, and there is still room.
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And the lord said to the bondman, Go out into the ways and fences and compel to come in, that my house may be filled;
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for I say to you, that not one of those men who were invited shall taste of my supper.
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And great crowds went with him; and, turning round, he said to them,
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If any man come to me, and shall not hate his own father and mother, and wife, and children, and brothers, and sisters, yea, and his own life too, he cannot be my disciple;
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and whoever does not carry his cross and come after me cannot be my disciple.
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For which of you, desirous of building a tower, does not first sit down and count the cost, if he have what [is needed] to complete it;
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in order that, having laid the foundation of it, and not being able to finish it, all who see it do not begin to mock at him,
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saying, This man began to build and was not able to finish?
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Or what king, going on his way to engage in war with another king, does not, sitting down first, take counsel whether he is able with ten thousand to meet him coming against him with twenty thousand?
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and if not, while he is yet far off, having sent an embassy, he asks for terms of peace.
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Thus then every one of you who forsakes not all that is his own cannot be my disciple.
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Salt [then] [is] good, but if the salt also has become savourless, wherewith shall it be seasoned?
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It is proper neither for land nor for dung; it is cast out. He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.
vul1914 (vul1914) - Vulgate 1914 UTF-8 (sacredbible.org)
1
Et factum est cum intraret Iesus in domum cuiusdam principis Pharisæorum sabbato manducare panem, et ipsi observabant eum.
2
Et ecce homo quidam hydropicus erat ante illum.
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Et respondens Iesus dixit ad Legisperitos, et Pharisæos, dicens: Si licet sabbato curare?
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At illi tacuerunt. Ipse vero apprehensum sanavit eum, ac dimisit.
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Et respondens ad illos dixit: Cuius vestrum asinus, aut bos in puteum cadet, et non continuo extrahet illum die sabbati?
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Et non poterant ad hæc respondere illi.
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Dicebat autem et ad invitatos parabolam, intendens quomodo primos accubitus eligerent, dicens ad illos:
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Cum invitatus fueris ad nuptias, non discumbas in primo loco, ne forte honoratior te sit invitatus ab illo,
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et veniens is, qui te et illum vocavit, dicat tibi: Da huic locum: et tunc incipias cum rubore novissimum locum tenere.
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sed cum vocatus fueris, vade, recumbe in novissimo loco: ut, cum venerit qui te invitavit, dicat tibi: Amice, ascende superius. Tunc erit tibi gloria coram simul discumbentibus:
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quia omnis, qui se exaltat, humiliabitur: et qui se humiliat, exaltabitur.
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Dicebat autem et ei, qui invitaverat: Cum facis prandium, aut cœnam, noli vocare amicos tuos, neque fratres tuos, neque cognatos, neque vicinos divites: ne forte te et ipsi reinvitent, et fiat tibi retributio.
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sed cum facis convivium, voca pauperes, debiles, claudos, et cæcos:
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et beatus eris, quia non habent retribuere tibi: retribuetur enim tibi in resurrectione iustorum.
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Hæc cum audisset quidam de simul discumbentibus, dixit illi: Beatus, qui manducabit panem in regno Dei.
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At ipse dixit ei: Homo quidam fecit cœnam magnam, et vocavit multos.
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Et misit servum suum hora cœnæ dicere invitatis ut venirent, quia iam parata sunt omnia.
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Et cœperunt simul omnes excusare. Primus dixit ei: Villam emi, et necesse habeo exire, et videre illam: rogo te habe me excusatum.
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Et alter dixit: Iuga boum emi quinque, et eo probare illa: rogo te habe me excusatum.
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Et alius dixit: Uxorem duxi, et ideo non possum venire.
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Et reversus servus nunciavit hæc domino suo. Tunc iratus paterfamilias, dixit servo suo: Exi cito in plateas, et vicos civitatis: et pauperes, ac debiles, et cæcos, et claudos introduc huc.
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Et ait servus: Domine, factum est ut imperasti, et adhuc locus est.
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Et ait dominus servo: Exi in vias, et sepes: et compelle intrare, ut impleatur domus mea.
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Dico autem vobis quod nemo virorum illorum, qui vocati sunt, gustabit cœnam meam.
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Ibant autem turbæ multæ cum eo: et conversus dixit ad illos:
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Si quis venit ad me, et non odit patrem suum, et matrem, et uxorem, et filios, et fratres, et sorores, adhuc autem et animam suam, non potest meus esse discipulus.
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Et qui non baiulat crucem suam, et venit post me, non potest meus esse discipulus.
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Quis enim ex vobis volens turrim ædificare, non prius sedens computat sumptus, qui necessarii sunt, si habeat ad perficiendum,
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ne, posteaquam posuerit fundamentum, et non potuerit perficere, omnes, qui vident, incipiant illudere ei,
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dicentes: Quia hic homo cœpit ædificare, et non potuit consummare?
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Aut quis rex iturus committere bellum adversus alium regem, non sedens prius cogitat, si possit cum decem millibus occurrere ei, qui cum viginti millibus venit ad se?
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alioquin adhuc illo longe agente, legationem mittens rogat ea, quæ pacis sunt.
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Sic ergo omnis ex vobis, qui non renunciat omnibus, quæ possidet, non potest meus esse discipulus.
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Bonum est sal. Si autem sal evanuerit, in quo condietur?
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Neque in terram, neque in sterquilinium utile est, sed foras mittetur. Qui habet aures audiendi, audiat.
web (web) - WorldEnglish.Bible — CC0 modern update of ASV
1
When he went into the house of one of the rulers of the Pharisees on a Sabbath to eat bread, they were watching him.
2
Behold, a certain man who had dropsy was in front of him.
3
Jesus, answering, spoke to the lawyers and Pharisees, saying, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?”
4
But they were silent. He took him, and healed him, and let him go.
5
He answered them, “Which of you, if your son or an ox fell into a well, wouldn’t immediately pull him out on a Sabbath day?”
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They couldn’t answer him regarding these things.
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He spoke a parable to those who were invited, when he noticed how they chose the best seats, and said to them,
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“When you are invited by anyone to a wedding feast, don’t sit in the best seat, since perhaps someone more honorable than you might be invited by him,
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and he who invited both of you would come and tell you, ‘Make room for this person.’ Then you would begin, with shame, to take the lowest place.
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But when you are invited, go and sit in the lowest place, so that when he who invited you comes, he may tell you, ‘Friend, move up higher.’ Then you will be honored in the presence of all who sit at the table with you.
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For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and whoever humbles himself will be exalted.”
12
He also said to the one who had invited him, “When you make a dinner or a supper, don’t call your friends, nor your brothers, nor your kinsmen, nor rich neighbors, or perhaps they might also return the favor, and pay you back.
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But when you make a feast, ask the poor, the maimed, the lame, or the blind;
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and you will be blessed, because they don’t have the resources to repay you. For you will be repaid in the resurrection of the righteous.”
15
When one of those who sat at the table with him heard these things, he said to him, “Blessed is he who will feast in God’s Kingdom!”
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But he said to him, “A certain man made a great supper, and he invited many people.
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He sent out his servant at supper time to tell those who were invited, ‘Come, for everything is ready now.’
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They all as one began to make excuses. “The first said to him, ‘I have bought a field, and I must go and see it. Please have me excused.’
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“Another said, ‘I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I must go try them out. Please have me excused.’
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“Another said, ‘I have married a wife, and therefore I can’t come.’
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“That servant came, and told his lord these things. Then the master of the house, being angry, said to his servant, ‘Go out quickly into the streets and lanes of the city, and bring in the poor, maimed, blind, and lame.’
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“The servant said, ‘Lord, it is done as you commanded, and there is still room.’
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“The lord said to the servant, ‘Go out into the highways and hedges, and compel them to come in, that my house may be filled.
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For I tell you that none of those men who were invited will taste of my supper. For many are called, but few are chosen.’”
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Now great multitudes were going with him. He turned and said to them,
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“If anyone comes to me, and doesn’t disregard his own father, mother, wife, children, brothers, and sisters, yes, and his own life also, he can’t be my disciple.
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Whoever doesn’t bear his own cross and come after me, can’t be my disciple.
28
For which of you, desiring to build a tower, doesn’t first sit down and count the cost, to see if he has enough to complete it?
29
Or perhaps, when he has laid a foundation and isn’t able to finish, everyone who sees begins to mock him,
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saying, ‘This man began to build and wasn’t able to finish.’
31
Or what king, as he goes to encounter another king in war, will not sit down first and consider whether he is able with ten thousand to meet him who comes against him with twenty thousand?
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Or else, while the other is yet a great way off, he sends an envoy and asks for conditions of peace.
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So therefore, whoever of you who doesn’t renounce all that he has, he can’t be my disciple.
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“Salt is good, but if the salt becomes flat and tasteless, with what do you season it?
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It is fit neither for the soil nor for the manure pile. It is thrown out. He who has ears to hear, let him hear.”
wh1881 (wh1881) - Westcott-Hort Greek NT 1881 eBible USFM
1
και εγενετο εν τω ελθειν αυτον εις οικον τινος των αρχοντων [των] φαρισαιων σαββατω φαγειν αρτον και αυτοι ησαν παρατηρουμενοι αυτον
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και ιδου ανθρωπος τις ην υδρωπικος εμπροσθεν αυτου
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και αποκριθεις ο ιησους ειπεν προς τους νομικους και φαρισαιους λεγων εξεστιν τω σαββατω θεραπευσαι η ου
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οι δε ησυχασαν και επιλαβομενος ιασατο αυτον και απελυσεν
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και προς αυτους ειπεν τινος υμων υιος η βους εις φρεαρ πεσειται και ουκ ευθεως ανασπασει αυτον εν ημερα του σαββατου
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και ουκ ισχυσαν ανταποκριθηναι προς ταυτα
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ελεγεν δε προς τους κεκλημενους παραβολην επεχων πως τας πρωτοκλισιας εξελεγοντο λεγων προς αυτους
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οταν κληθης υπο τινος εις γαμους μη κατακλιθης εις την πρωτοκλισιαν μηποτε εντιμοτερος σου η κεκλημενος υπ αυτου
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και ελθων ο σε και αυτον καλεσας ερει σοι δος τουτω τοπον και τοτε αρξη μετα αισχυνης τον εσχατον τοπον κατεχειν
10
αλλ οταν κληθης πορευθεις αναπεσε εις τον εσχατον τοπον ινα οταν ελθη ο κεκληκως σε ερει σοι φιλε προσαναβηθι ανωτερον τοτε εσται σοι δοξα ενωπιον παντων των συνανακειμενων σοι
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οτι πας ο υψων εαυτον ταπεινωθησεται και ο ταπεινων εαυτον υψωθησεται
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ελεγεν δε και τω κεκληκοτι αυτον οταν ποιης αριστον η δειπνον μη φωνει τους φιλους σου μηδε τους αδελφους σου μηδε τους συγγενεις σου μηδε γειτονας πλουσιους μηποτε και αυτοι αντικαλεσωσιν σε και γενηται ανταποδομα σοι
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αλλ οταν δοχην ποιης καλει πτωχους αναπειρους χωλους τυφλους
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και μακαριος εση οτι ουκ εχουσιν ανταποδουναι σοι ανταποδοθησεται γαρ σοι εν τη αναστασει των δικαιων
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ακουσας δε τις των συνανακειμενων ταυτα ειπεν αυτω μακαριος οστις φαγεται αρτον εν τη βασιλεια του θεου
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ο δε ειπεν αυτω ανθρωπος τις εποιει δειπνον μεγα και εκαλεσεν πολλους
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και απεστειλεν τον δουλον αυτου τη ωρα του δειπνου ειπειν τοις κεκλημενοις ερχεσθε οτι ηδη ετοιμα εστιν
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και ηρξαντο απο μιας παντες παραιτεισθαι ο πρωτος ειπεν αυτω αγρον ηγορασα και εχω αναγκην εξελθων ιδειν αυτον ερωτω σε εχε με παρητημενον
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και ετερος ειπεν ζευγη βοων ηγορασα πεντε και πορευομαι δοκιμασαι αυτα ερωτω σε εχε με παρητημενον
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και ετερος ειπεν γυναικα εγημα και δια τουτο ου δυναμαι ελθειν
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και παραγενομενος ο δουλος απηγγειλεν τω κυριω αυτου ταυτα τοτε οργισθεις ο οικοδεσποτης ειπεν τω δουλω αυτου εξελθε ταχεως εις τας πλατειας και ρυμας της πολεως και τους πτωχους και αναπειρους και τυφλους και χωλους εισαγαγε ωδε
22
και ειπεν ο δουλος κυριε γεγονεν ο επεταξας και ετι τοπος εστιν
23
και ειπεν ο κυριος προς τον δουλον εξελθε εις τας οδους και φραγμους και αναγκασον εισελθειν ινα γεμισθη μου ο οικος
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λεγω γαρ υμιν οτι ουδεις των ανδρων εκεινων των κεκλημενων γευσεται μου του δειπνου
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συνεπορευοντο δε αυτω οχλοι πολλοι και στραφεις ειπεν προς αυτους
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ει τις ερχεται προς με και ου μισει τον πατερα εαυτου και την μητερα και την γυναικα και τα τεκνα και τους αδελφους και τας αδελφας ετι τε και την ψυχην εαυτου ου δυναται ειναι μου μαθητης
27
οστις ου βασταζει τον σταυρον εαυτου και ερχεται οπισω μου ου δυναται ειναι μου μαθητης
28
τις γαρ εξ υμων θελων πυργον οικοδομησαι ουχι πρωτον καθισας ψηφιζει την δαπανην ει εχει εις απαρτισμον
29
ινα μηποτε θεντος αυτου θεμελιον και μη ισχυοντος εκτελεσαι παντες οι θεωρουντες αρξωνται αυτω εμπαιζειν
30
λεγοντες οτι ουτος ο ανθρωπος ηρξατο οικοδομειν και ουκ ισχυσεν εκτελεσαι
31
η τις βασιλευς πορευομενος ετερω βασιλει συμβαλειν εις πολεμον ουχι καθισας πρωτον βουλευσεται ει δυνατος εστιν εν δεκα χιλιασιν υπαντησαι τω μετα εικοσι χιλιαδων ερχομενω επ αυτον
32
ει δε μηγε ετι αυτου πορρω οντος πρεσβειαν αποστειλας ερωτα προς ειρηνην
33
ουτως ουν πας εξ υμων ος ουκ αποτασσεται πασιν τοις εαυτου υπαρχουσιν ου δυναται ειναι μου μαθητης
34
καλον ουν το αλας εαν δε και το αλας μωρανθη εν τινι αρτυθησεται
35
ουτε εις γην ουτε εις κοπριαν ευθετον εστιν εξω βαλλουσιν αυτο ο εχων ωτα ακουειν ακουετω
ylt (ylt) - Bible.com YLT98 plain UTF-8
1
And it came to pass, on his going into the house of a certain one of the chiefs of the Pharisees, on a sabbath, to eat bread, that they were watching him,
2
and lo, there was a certain dropsical man before him;
3
and Jesus answering spake to the lawyers and Pharisees, saying, `Is it lawful on the sabbath-day to heal?'
4
and they were silent, and having taken hold of <FI>him<Fi> , he healed him, and let <FI>him<Fi> go;
5
and answering them he said, `Of which of you shall an ass or ox fall into a pit, and he will not immediately draw it up on the sabbath-day?'
6
and they were not able to answer him again unto these things.
7
And he spake a simile unto those called, marking how they were choosing out the first couches, saying unto them,
8
`When thou mayest be called by any one to marriage-feasts, thou mayest not recline on the first couch, lest a more honourable than thou may have been called by him,
9
and he who did call thee and him having come shall say to thee, Give to this one place, and then thou mayest begin with shame to occupy the last place.
10
`But, when thou mayest be called, having gone on, recline in the last place, that when he who called thee may come, he may say to thee, Friend, come up higher; then thou shalt have glory before those reclining with thee;
11
because every one who is exalting himself shall be humbled, and he who is humbling himself shall be exalted.'
12
And he said also to him who did call him, `When thou mayest make a dinner or a supper, be not calling thy friends, nor thy brethren, nor thy kindred, nor rich neighbours, lest they may also call thee again, and a recompense may come to thee;
13
but when thou mayest make a feast, be calling poor, maimed, lame, blind,
14
and happy thou shalt be, because they have not to recompense thee, for it shall be recompensed to thee in the rising again of the righteous.'
15
And one of those reclining with him, having heard these things, said to him, `Happy <FI>is<Fi> he who shall eat bread in the reign of God;'
16
and he said to him, `A certain man made a great supper, and called many,
17
and he sent his servant at the hour of the supper to say to those having been called, Be coming, because now are all things ready.
18
`And they began with one consent all to excuse themselves: The first said to him, A field I bought, and I have need to go forth and see it; I beg of thee, have me excused.
19
`And another said, Five yoke of oxen I bought, and I go on to prove them; I beg of thee, have me excused:
20
and another said, A wife I married, and because of this I am not able to come.
21
`And that servant having come, told to his lord these things, then the master of the house, having been angry, said to his servant, Go forth quickly to the broad places and lanes of the city, and the poor, and maimed, and lame, and blind, bring in hither.
22
`And the servant said, Sir, it hath been done as thou didst command, and still there is room.
23
`And the lord said unto the servant, Go forth to the ways and hedges, and constrain to come in, that my house may be filled;
24
for I say to you, that none of those men who have been called shall taste of my supper.'
25
And there were going on with him great multitudes, and having turned, he said unto them,
26
`If any one doth come unto me, and doth not hate his own father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brothers, and sisters, and yet even his own life, he is not able to be my disciple;
27
and whoever doth not bear his cross, and come after me, is not able to be my disciple.
28
`For who of you, willing to build a tower, doth not first, having sat down, count the expence, whether he have the things for completing?
29
lest that he having laid a foundation, and not being able to finish, all who are beholding may begin to mock him,
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saying--This man began to build, and was not able to finish.
31
`Or what king going on to engage with another king in war, doth not, having sat down, first consult if he be able with ten thousand to meet him who with twenty thousand is coming against him?
32
and if not so--he being yet a long way off--having sent an embassy, he doth ask the things for peace.
33
`So, then, every one of you who doth not take leave of all that he himself hath, is not able to be my disciple.
34
`The salt <FI>is<Fi> good, but if the salt doth become tasteless, with what shall it be seasoned?
35
neither for land nor for manure is it fit--they cast it without. He who is having ears to hear--let him hear.'
Explanations by Age Level
Explain Like I'm 5
A long, long time ago, there was nothing at all - no earth, no sky, no animals, no people. It was all dark and empty. But God was there! God is so powerful that He can make anything just by speaking. So God said "Let there be light!" and BOOM! There was light everywhere! God saw that the light was beautiful and good. He called the light "day" and the darkness "night." This was the very first day when God started making our wonderful world!
Explain Like I'm 10
Before anything existed - no planets, stars, or life - God decided to create the universe. The earth started out as a dark, empty place covered with water. But God's Spirit was there, ready to bring order and beauty to everything. When God spoke and said "Let there be light," light immediately appeared because God's words have incredible power. God looked at the light and was pleased with what He had made. He organized time by separating light (day) from darkness (night), creating the first 24-hour period. This shows us that God is organized and purposeful in everything He does.
Explain Like I'm 15
Genesis 1:1-5 establishes fundamental theological truths about God and creation. The Hebrew word "bara" (created) indicates creation from nothing (ex nihilo), demonstrating God's absolute sovereignty and power. The phrase "without form and void" (tohu wa-bohu) describes a state of chaos that God transforms into order. The Spirit of God "hovering" or "brooding" over the waters suggests active, caring involvement in creation. The creation of light before the sun (created on day 4) indicates that God Himself is the ultimate source of light and energy. The establishment of day and night creates the framework of time, showing that God operates within orderly patterns while transcending them. This passage refutes both atheistic materialism and pantheism, establishing that God is both transcendent (separate from creation) and immanent (actively involved in it).